Brief notes on the History of Chess  -  by Bill Wall
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
 

Year

    1800 to 1850

1851 to 1875         

1876 to 1899

1876

  First Russian Chess magazine, published by Tchigorin.

1876

  "Chess Theory and Practice", published by Wormald (and Staunton).

1876

  Kling, pioneer endgame analyst, died.

1876

  Mephisto first exhibited at Westminster Aquarium in London.

1876

  Pauly, Wolfgang born. Greatest problemist of Romania.

1876

  Royal Library in The Hague buys the Van Der Linde collection.

1876

  Sanderson wins 4th Canadian Championship in Hamilton.

1876

  Vogel wins 4th Netherlands Championship in Gouda.

1876

  Brilliancy prize, first. Tournament in NY.

1876

  03/27 London (cigar divan), Blackburne first.

1876

  05/17 Hamppe, Carl died in Gersau, Switzerland. Elo: 2410. Hamppe
  Opening.

1876

  05/28 Allen, George died in Worcester, MA.

1876

  05/29 Holzhausen, Walther born in Opava, Czechoslovakia. Elo: 2410.
  Holzhausen Attack.

1876

  07/21 Lowenthal died, Hastings. Strong British player.

1876

  08/ New York (Cafe international), Mackenzie first.

1876

  08/17 Start of the 4th American Chess Congress. First to attract foreign
  Masters.

1876

  08/31 4th American Chess Congress, Philadelphia, Mason first (not US
  citizen)

1876

  09/ First attempt to copyright a Chess game.

1876

  09/01 1st brilliancy prize, a silver cup, awarded to Bird over Mason, NY.

1876

  09/20 New York (NY Clipper tournament), Mason first.

1876

  11/23 Heinrichsen, Arved born in Vilnius, Lithuania. Heinrichsen
  Opening.

1877

  German National Body formed; Germany becomes leading Chess
  nation.

1877

  Leonhardt born.

1877

  Cranston, T.G. born in Dublin. Irish Champion 1922, 1931.

1877

  Daniels wins 5th Netherlands Championship in The Hague.

1877

  Heath, Christopher born in London. 1923-4 Scottish Champion. Heath
  variation.

1877

  Shinkman invents the first mutate of a block position problem.

1877

  01/31 Green, Valentine died in London. Green variation.

1877

  08/10 Marshall born NY. Ger. Champion, 1906, 1908. Challenger 1907.
  US Champion, 1909.

1877

  09/27 Gelbfuhs, Oscar died in Tesin, Czechoslovakia. Tie-breaking
  method.

1877

  12/01 First meeting of the Manhattan Chess Club (37 people).

1878

  First East German Championship, Konigsberg, Hasford first.

1878

  First appearance of Mephisto by Gumpel.

1878

  First time the sealed move introduced, in Paris.

1878

  London (Lowenthal Cup), Wayte first.

1878

  Barasz, Zsigmond born in Hungary. Analysed the Budapest Defense.
  Elo: 2440.

1878

  Chess Strategy by Loyd published. Contains 500 of his problems.

1878

  Counties' Chess Association Handicap tournament won by Mephisto
  (Gunsberg).

1878

  MacDonnell withdraws from tourney unless Mephisto player identified.

1878

  Sprega wins second Italian Championship in Livorno.

1878

  Swiderski, Rudolf born.

1878

  Van't Kruijs wins 6th Netherlands Championship in Amsterdam.

1878

  Worrall, Thomas died. British Commissioner in Mexico.

1878

  01/ Telephone Chess first played.

1878

  01/25 First documented Telephone match, in Derbyshire. Between F.
  Thompson and J. Cooper.

1878

  02/15 First New York State Championship, Cox first.

1878

  03/02 Bernard, Henry born in Devon, England. Problemist.

1878

  03/02 Cochrane, John died in London. Scottish player. Founder of the
  romantic style.

1878

  06/18 Paris, Zukertort first.

1878

  08/12 Duhm, Hans born in Gottingen, Germany. 1901 Switzerland co-
  Champ.

1878

  10/11 Colman, Eugene born in Merton, England. Colman variation,
  discovered while P.O.W. in Japan.

1878

  11/20 Collijn, Ludvig born in Stockholm. Chess patron. President of the
  Swedish Chess Association from 1917 to 1939.

1879

  Second New York State Championship, Auburn, Richmond first.

1879

  Chess Monthly published by Zukertort.. Stopped in 1896.

1879

  College Chess Club, a Women's Chess Club formed. Disbanded after
  marriages (BCM 1981,403).

1879

  Dupre, C. wins 7th Netherlands Championship in Rotterdam.

1879

  Pope wins 7th Canadian Championship in Ottawa.

1879

  01/ Ascher wins 6th Canadian Championship in Montreal.

1879

  01/15 St Petersburg, Tchigorin first.

1879

  03/13 Anderssen, Adolf died in Breslau from a heart ailment. Elo: 2600

1879

  04/02 Goring, Carl died in Eisenach, Germany. Goring Gambit.

1879

  04/23 Walker, George died. Chess columnist in London.

1879

  07/20 First German Chess Federation, Leipzig, Englisch first.

1879

  08/ City of London Chess Club Championship, Bird first.

1879

  08/19 First New Zealand Championship, Christchurch, Hookham first.

1879

  09/26 Dus-Chotimirsky, Fedor born in Kozel, Russia. IM 1950.

1879

  11/27 Hundsdorfer, Wolfgang born in Munich. Problemist.

1880

  First Chess Club in Russia, organized by Tchigorin.

1880

  First Intercontinental Telegraph match. Two games played between
  Liverpool and Calcutta. Code by Rutherford.

1880

  Andreaschek, Karl born in Czechoslovakia. Gambit named after him.

1880

  Bird wins 8th Netherlands Championship in Gouda.

1880

  Flamberg, Aleksander born in Warsaw. Elo: 2480. Warsaw Ch. 1910.

1880

  Mackenzie defeats Max Judd of St Louis (+7-5=3).

1880

  Paulsen wins strong tournament in Brunswick, Germany.

1880

  Perlis, Julius born. Viennese player.

1880

  Przepiorka, Dawid born. Polish player.

1880

  Van der Linde published his second book on history of Chess.

1880

  01/06 Start of the 5th American Chess Congress (10 players).

1880

  01/26 5th American Chess Congress was the 1st to have a tie and playoff
  for an American title.

1880

  01/26 5th American Chess Congress, New York, Mackenzie 1st (tb) and
  Grundy.

1880

  02/11 Durand, Philippe died in Lisieux, France. Wrote 1st book devoted
  to the practical endgame.

1880

  03/03 White; Alain White born.

1880

  06/21 Third New York Championship, Syracuse, Calthrop first.

1880

  07/03 Barnes, Albert publishes analysis of the Barnes Defense in
  Canada.

1880

  09/16 Carls, Carl born in Varel, Germany. German Champion 1934. IM
  1951. Elo: 2450.

1880

  11/11 Collijn, Gustaf born in Stockholm. With his brother, Ludvig, wrote
  "Larobok".

1880

  12/03 First French Championship, Paris. Rosenthal first.

1881

  Blackmar Gambit first analysed and published.

1881

  Cavalotti introduces the Albin Countergambit against Salvioli, Milan.

1881

  "Kleines Lehrbuch Des Schachspiels" by Dufresne published.

1881

  Preti, Jean-Louis died. Chess writer. Started La Strategie.

1881

  Salvioli wins third Italian Championship in Milan.

1881

  Shaw wins 8th Canadian Championship in Ottawa.

1881

  Van der Linde publishes his third book on history of Chess.

1881

  01/01 First British Chess Magazine, oldest magazine without a break.
  Watkinson is editor.

1881

  01/17 Napier born London. British Champion 1904. Married Pillsbury's
  niece.

1881

  02/16 Neumann died in Allenberg. Suffered from mental illness.

1881

  03/24 Platov; Vasily Platov born.

1881

  04/02 Howell, Clarence born in New York City. Howell Attack.

1881

  06/ Manhattan Chess Club Championship, Teed first.

1881

  06/14 Thomas; Sir George Thomas born, Istanbul. British Champion
  1923, 1934. London Champion 1946.

1881

  07/ Brentano's Chess Monthly published in NY.

1881

  08/29 Second German Chess Federation, Berlin, Blackburne first.

1881

  10/05 Fleischmann, Leo (also Forgacs) born in Budapest. Elo: 2520
  Hungary Champion, 1907.

1881

  12/03 Sergeant born Gateshead. London Champion 1951.

1881

  12/15 du Mont, Julius born in Paris.

1882

  First Italian Chess column in the Enganeo, a Padua paper.

1882

  First time NimzoIndian Defense played, by Englisch against Steinitz.

1882

  First time in England of Sonneborn-Berger tiebreaker in Liverpool CC.

1882

  Beechey; Frideswide Beechey is first Woman to win prize as composer
  of Chess problems.

1882

  Journaud, French Chess editor died.

1882

  Mason made 72 consecutive Queen moves against Mackenzie, London.

1882

  Messemaker wins 10th Netherlands Championship in the Hague.

1882

  01/ Sanderson wins 9th Canadian Championship in Quebec.

1882

  01/13 Boden, Samuel died of scarlet fever in London. Elo: 2470

1882

  05/11 Longest winning streak, 25 wins, Steinitz. Began on 4 Aug, 1873.

1882

  05/28 Edge, Frederick died in London. Journalist.

1882

  06/26 Vienna, Steinitz & Winawer first (18 players).

1882

  07/ Moscow Chess Club Championship, Durnovo & Schmidt first.

1882

  10/02 Bernstein, Ossip born in Jitomir, Ukraine. GM 1950; IA 1952. Elo:
  2590.

1882

  10/12 Rubinstein born, Stawiski. Champion of 4 countries. GM 1950.

1882

  10/30 Duras, Oldrich born in Prague. Czech Champion three times and
  German Champion. GM 1950. Elo: 2580

1882

  12/ Beechey is first Woman to write a Chess column.

1882

  12/11 Graves, Frank born in Alvarado, TX. USCF President 1954.

1882

  12/27 Rueb, Alexandre born in La Haye. First FIDE President.

1883

  Manhattan Chess Club Handicap, Simonson first.

1883

  1st Forsyth notation for giving positions in the Glasgow Weekly Herald.

1883

  First International Problem Tourney for Ladies, by Frideswide Beechey.
  (BCM 1981,403).

1883

  Winawer wins third German Championship in Nuremberg.

1883

  Zannoni wins 4th Italian Championship in Venice.

1883

  Play published called "Mate" by Charles Jolliet.

1883

  01/ Ascher and Howe win 10th Canadian Championship in Montreal.

1883

  04/26 First day of the London International Tournament, 1st tourney in
  which clocks were used.

1883

  05/05 Spielmann born, Vienna. Nordic Champion 1919. German
  Champion 1927, Died.
  20 Aug 1942.

1883

  05/10 Hennig, Heinrich born in Germany. Hennig-Schara Gambit.
  Admiral.

1883

  05/19 Henneberger, Walter born in Ennenda, Switzerland. Henneberger
  variation.

1883

  06/01 First mechanical double-faced clock (Wilson) - London (15
  moves/hour).

1883

  06/23 London, Zukertort First, Steinitz second.

1883

  08/31 Balla, Zoltan born in Budapest. Elo: 2450

1883

  10/27 Harley, Brian born in Saffron Walden, England. Composer.

1883

  12/02 Daly, Harlow born in Dorchester, MA.

1883

  12/26 Ahues, Carl born in Bremen. German Champion. 1929. IM 1950.
  Elo: 2490.

1884

  First Manhattan Chess Club Championship, Ryan first.

1884

  First patent for Chess clock by A. Schierwater.

1884

  Philadelphia Chess Club Championship, Michaelis first.

1884

  Scottish Chess Association, oldest in the world, founded.

1884

  First Womens' Chess tourney, sponsored by the Sussex Chess Assn.
  (BCM 1981,403)

1884

  "Chess Studies and Endgames", by Horwitz, published. 427 positions.

1884

  First Chess patent, for a clock.

1884

  Golden Gate Chess club formed in San Francisco.

1884

  Lambert wins 11th Canadian Championship in Ottawa.

1884

  Messemaker wins 12th Netherlands Championship in Gouda.

1884

  Prokes, Ladislav born.

1884

  01/ First photo in BCM.

1884

  01/09 Harrwitz, Daniel died in Bozen, Italy. Strong German player of his
  day. Elo: 2520.

1884

  01/16 Yates born Leeds. British Champion 6 times.

1884

  01/18 Wisker died from bronchitis & consumption in Melbourne.

1884

  03/01 Cohn, Eric born in Berlin. Elo: 2480. Medical doctor.

1884

  03/18 First Telephone Chess match between Cardiff and Swansea.

1884

  06/05 Blumenfeld, Beniamin born in Volkovisk, Russia. Russian Chess
  Theortician. Elo: 2390

1884

  07/10 Paul Morphy died in New Orleans of apoplexy at the age of 47.

1884

  07/21 Start of the first Scottish Championship in Glasgow.

1884

  07/24 British Chess Assn inaugurated. Pres, Churchill; VP, Tennyson
  (BCM 1974,174)

1884

  07/25 First Scottish Championship, Glasgow, Crum first.

1884

  08/27 Znosko-Borovsky born. Alexandrovitch.

1884

  09/16 Anderson, Magnus born in Melbourne. Collected 6,000 Chess
  books.

1884

  11/28 Ilyin-Genevsky born, St Petersburg. Leningrad Champion. 1925,
  1926, 1929.

1885

  Krylenko born.

1885

  First Australian Championship. Melbourne. Won by Esling, defeating
  Gossip.

1885

  Ajeeb makes its debut in the United States (New York).

1885

  American Association of Chess editors formed.

1885

  Churchill; Lord Randolph Churchill elected Vice President of the BCF.

1885

  Gunsberg wins 4th German Championship in Hamburg.

1885

  Havana Chess Club formed. Site of 3 world Chess Championships, 1889,
  1892, 1921.

1885

  Hereford Times confers 1. f4 as Bird's Opening.

1885

  Krejcik born.

1885

  Pollock wins second Irish Championship in Dublin.

1885

  Trabue; Col Trabue to hold tourney funded by pineapples in Florida
  (BCM 1980,599)

1885

  Tchigorin edits Achackmatni Vestnik.

1885

  Tennyson, Poet Laureate, becomes President of the BCF.

1885

  Van Foreest wins 13th Netherlands Championship in The Hague.

1885

  01/ Steinitz edits "The International Chess Magazine" until Dec, 1891.

1885

  05/11 Second Manhattan Chess Club Championship, Delmar first.

1885

  06/15 First Congress of British Chess Association, London; Gunsberg 1st.

1885

  06/22 Vidmar, Milan born in Ljubljana. Nordic Champion 1909. Yug
  Champion 1939. GM 1950.

1885

  08/03 Start of second Scottish Championship, Edinburgh.

1885

  08/08 Mills wins second Scottish Championship.

1885

  08/29 Horwitz, Bernhard died in London. Leading player and composer
  of his day. Elo: 2420

1885

  10/17 First Irish Chess Association, Dublin, Pollock first.

1885

  12/ Franklin Chess Club Championship, Philadelphia, Newman first.

1885

  12/03 Lasker, Ed born in Poland.

1885

  12/14 Falkbeer, Ernst died in Vienna. Chess editor. Edited "The Chess
  Players' Magazine". Elo: 2410.

1886

  First Chess clock marketed in Liverpool (BCM 1980,599).

1886

  Analysis of Caro-Kann appear in the Chess magazine, "Bruderschaft".

1886

  Helsinki Chess Club formed.

1886

  Hooper ships Ajeeb to Eden Museum, New York City.

1886

  Kann; Marcus Kann died.

1886

  MacLeod wins 12th Canadian Championship in Quebec.

1886

  Mackenzie beats S. Lipschutz (5-3, 5 draws).

1886

  Pollock wins third Irish Championship in Belfast.

1886

  Sonneborn and J. Berger publicize the Sonneborn-Berger method.

1886

  Thomson; Florence Thomson born, Glasgow. Scottish Champion.
  Played in the World Women's Championship, 1937.

1886

  Van Foreest wins 14th Netherlands Championship, Utrecht.

1886

  Zannoni wins 5th Italian Championship in Rome.

1886

  01/ First Telephone match, between Manchester and Liverpool.

1886

  01/ Issue No. 86 of Dubuque Chess Journal. Issue No. 85 appeared in
  1878.

1886

  01/11 First use of a demonstration board in a world Championship
  match.

1886

  01/11 First world Championship match, Steinitz-Zukertort, New York,
  begins.

1886

  01/23 First meeting of the Yorkshire Chess Club.

1886

  02/17 British Chess Club, London, first Blackburne.

1886

  03/29 Steinitz (+10=25-5) defeats Zukertort, 12.5-7.5, New Orleans.

1886

  04/05 Start of third Scottish Championship, Glasgow.

1886

  04/09 Barbier wins third Scottish Championship.

1886

  07/29 First British Amateur Championship, London, Gettie first (ended in
  October).

1886

  07/29 London, Blackburn & Burn first.

1886

  08/08 First Bavarian Championship, Munich, Neustadtl first.

1886

  08/18 Abonyi, Istvan born in Budapest, Hungary. Invented the Abonyi
  Gambit.

1886

  09/03 First New York Summer Congress, Cooperstown, Shipley first.

1886

  09/06 Hanneken, Hermann von, died in Neunahr, Germany. Prussian
  General. Hanneken Defense.

1886

  09/26 Harksen, Alfred born in Ystad, Sweden. Harksen Gambit.

1886

  10/ Gattie wins first British Amateur Championship and the Newnes
  Cup.

1886

  11/ Berlin Chess Club Championship, Schallopp first.

1886

  11/ Telegraphic match between London and St Petersburg. Code
  invented by Gringmuth (Udeman notation).

1886

  11/03 Blumich, Reinhold Max born in Germany. Blumich variation.

1886

  11/07 Nimzovich born, Riga. Russian Champion 1914. Nordic Champion
  1924, 1934.

1887

  First Brooklyn Chess club Championship.

1887

  Columbia Chess Club Championship, New York, Koehler first.

1887

  London Chess league formed (metropolitan Chess club competition).

1887

  First national Championship for Women, England. Ladies Challenge
  Cup (BCM 1981,403)

1887

  Second Australian Championship won by Charlick in Adelaide.

1887

  50 bd Yorkshire vs Lancashire first to use Chess clocks.

1887

  Barry, George wins 13th Canadian Championship in Montreal.

1887

  French Chess Association formed.

1887

  Judd defeats A. Hodges 5-2. Judd claims he is US Champion.

1887

  Mackenzie wins 5th German Championship in Frankfurt (15-5) ahead of
  20 masters.

1887

  Russian candidate for the Bulgarian crown is Prince Dadian (BCM
  1980,600).

1887

  Van Foreest wins 15th Netherlands Championship, Amsterdam.

1887

  02/21 Tartakower born, Rostov-on-Don. Polish & French Champion. GM
  1950.

1887

  02/24 Kostic born, Vrsac. Yugoslav Champion 1935, 1938. GM 1950.

1887

  02/26 Batik, Frantisek born in Chotusice, Czechoslovakia. IMC 1959.

1887

  04/21 Altschul, Frank born in San Francisco, CA. Problem book
  publisher.

1887

  04/23 Hromadka, Karel born in Gross Weikersdorf, Austria. Elo: 2440.
  Hromadka Defense.

1887

  07/11 Start of 4th Scottish Championship, Edinburgh.

1887

  07/15 Mills wins 4th Scottish Championship.

1887

  07/28 Duchamp, Marcel born in Rouen, France. Famous avant-garde
  painter.

1887

  08/15 Berlin Chess Club Jubilee, Max Harmonist first.

1887

  08/31 Second Australian Championship, Adelaide, Charlick first.

1887

  09/10 Johner born Zurich. Won Swiss Championship six times. Brother
  won 12 times.

1887

  09/18 Basterot, Barthelemy died in Torino, Italy.

1887

  09/21 London Chess League founded under the name Metropolitan
  Chess Club Competition.

1887

  10/10 Banks, Newell born in Detroit.

1887

  11/29 Start of second British Amateur Championship in London.

1887

  1212 Locock wins second British Amateur Championship

1888

  First International correspondence Chess tournament organized.

1888

  Lipschutz adds 122-page addendum to Gossip's "Chessplayer's
  Manual".

1888

  Loman wins 16th Netherlands Championship, Rotterdam.

1888

  MacLeod wins 14th Canadian Championship in Quebec.

1888

  Showalter wins first US Championship, Cincinnati. Judd takes last
  place. (6 players)

1888

  US Chess Association formed.

1888

  Verlinsky, Boris born.

1888

  03/30 Mongredien died. Pres of the London CC and Liverpool CC.

1888

  04/26 Friess, Hans died in Germany. Friess variation.

1888

  05/18 Hirschbach, Hermann died in Leipzig. Hirschbach variation.

1888

  06/20 Zukertort died, London of a cerebral hemorrhage after a Chess
  game.

1888

  07/16 Start of 5th Scottish Championship, Glasgow.

1888

  07/21 Mackenzie wins 5th Scottish Championship.

1888

  08/06 Start of the third British Amateur Championship in Bradford.

1888

  08/18 Guest wins third British Amateur Championship.

1888

  10/06 Hammond, Alex born in England. Chess set collector.

1888

  10.06 Steinitz becomes naturalized U.S. citizen.

1888

  10/28 Blackmar, Armand died in New Orleans. American music
  publisher.

1888

  11/19 Capablanca y Graupera, Jose born in Havana. World Chess
  Champion 1921-1927. Elo: 2725.

1888

  12/28 Lederer born.

1889

  Kolisch died in Vienna. Chess patron.

1889

  First Switzerland Championship, Pestalozzi & Poplawski first; Zurich.

1889

  4th Irish Championship held in Dublin. Nobody knows who won.

1889

  Best game prize, first. Gunsberg over Mason, New York 1889

1889

  Blathy composes longest problem - mate in 290 moves.

1889

  Flemming, Richard wins 15th Canadian Championship in Montreal.

1889

  Pillsbury learns the game of Chess.

1889

  Rotlewi, Gerz born. Polish player.

1889

  Schiffers is first Russian to deliver a course of lectures on Chess.

1889

  Sonneborn is writing about Chess scoring methods.

1889

  Tarrasch wins 6th German Championship in Breslau.

1889

  Van Foreest wins 17th Netherlands Championship, Gouda.

1889

  01/ Ollivier wins second New Zealand Championship, Christchurch.

1889

  01/07 Johner born Basel. Swiss Champion 12 times. Brother won it 6
  times.

1889

  01/20 Start of second World Championship match, Steinitz-Tchigorin,
  Havana.

1889

  02/ First brilliancy prize for match game, awarded to Steinitz. (300 fr.)

1889

  02/04 Steinitz defeats Tchigorin, 10.5 - 6.5 in second World
  Championship match, Havana.

1889

  02/22 Ohio Championship, Cincinnati, George Smith first.

1889

  03/ Hanham introduced the Hanham variation of the Philidor Defense.

1889

  03/09 Levenfish born, Poland. USSR Champion 1934, 1937. GM 1950.

1889

  03/25 Start of 6th American Chess Congress, New York, Tchigorin &
  Weiss first.

1889

  03/25 Tchigorin won the most games in a single tournament: 27.

1889

  03/25 Top US player in the New York International was S. Lipschutz.

1889

  04/14 Bogoljubow, Efim born in Kiev. Ger. and USSR Champion 1925.
  Challenger 1929, '34. Elo: 2610

1889

  04/ First game prize awarded to Gunsberg against Mason.1889

1889

  05/01 Lokvenc born Vienna. Ger. Champion 1943. Austrian Champion
  1951, 1953.

1889

  05/28 Reti born in Bratislava. Czechoslovakia Champion 1925.

1889

  07/29 Asztalos, Lajos born in Pecs, Hungary. IM 1950; IA 1951. Elo: 2480
  Hungary Champion 1913.

1889

  07/29 Start of 6th Scottish Championship, Edinburgh.

1889

  08/02 Marshall wins 6th Scottish Championship.

1889

  08/09 Second U.S. Chess Association, Haller first.

1889

  08/21 Chandler, Guy born in Weymouth, England. Founder of the British
  Chess Problem Society.

1889

  08/25 MacLeod lost 31 games in a single tournament.

1889

  09/22 Swiss Chess Association founded.

1889

  10/ Grand meeting of all Japanese Chessplayers in Tokyo. 200 players.

1889

  11/25 Wainright wins 4th British Amateur Championship in London.

1889

  11/28 Dawson, Thomas born in Leeds, England. Created 6,400
  problems. Pioneer of fairy Chess.

1889

  12/08 Max Lange died.

1890

  Cafe de la Regence Championship, Paris, Goetz first.

1890

  Albin Attack introduced by Albin against Csank, Vienna.

1890

  Albin was the only player to get a prize, Vienna, 1890.

1890

  Az-Rah automaton exhibit closed by Bordeaux police (BCM 1978,407).

1890

  Brunet published "El Ajedrez" in Barcelona.

1890

  El Ajedrejista, first true automaton, shown by Quevedo.

1890

  Loman wins 18th Netherlands Championship, The Hague.

1890

  Pestalozzi and Poplawski win second Swiss Championship, Winterthur.

1890

  Short wins 16th Canadian Championship in Quebec.

1890

  Showalter defeats Lipschutz in a match, Louisville.

1890

  "Theorie Und Praxis Der Endspiele" by Berger published.

1890

  Tchigorin beats Steintz in a Telegraph match.

1890

  Traxler variation introduced by Peter Traxler.

1890

  01/29 Ware died.

1890

  02/ Showalter wins second US Championship, St Louis. Called the 3rd
  Congress of the US Chess Association.

1890

  04/09 Whitaker, Norman born in Philadelphia.

1890

  04/14 Start of 7th Scottish Championship, Dundee.

1890

  04/18 Walker wins 7th Scottish Championship.

1890

  07/26 Berlin, Bertold Lasker & Emannuel Lasker first.

1890

  08/25 Start of 5th British Amateur Championship in Manchester.

1890

  09/30 Mills wins 5th British Amateur Championship.

1890

  11/ Showalter loses a match to Judd, 7-3.

1890

  12/ First city of London Championship, Loman first.

1890

  12/09 Start of third World Championship match, Steinitz-Gunsberg, NY.

1890

  12/27 Grimshaw, Walter died in Whitby, England.

1891

  First article on Chessplayer ratings published in the BCM by Brumfitt.

1891

  Bachmann first publishes a yearbook on Chess. Ended in 1930.

1891

  Davison wins 17th Canadian Championship in Montreal.

1891

  Loman wins 19th Netherlands Championship, Utrecht.

1891

  Rabinovich, Ilya born.

1891

  Showalter wins third US Championship, Lexington (4th Congress).

1891

  Sturgis, George born. President of USCF.

1891

  01/ Barnes wins 4th New Zealand Championship, Wellington.

1891

  01/01 Campbell, Joseph died in London. Problemist.

1891

  01/03 Brinckmann, Alfred born in Kiel, Germany. IA 1951; IM 1953; Elo:
  2470.

1891

  01/22 Steinitz (+6=9-4) beats Gunsberg, 10.5-8.5, in third World
  Championship, NY.

1891

  04/05 Bauer, Johann died in Gortz, Austria of tuberculosis.

1891

  04/14 MacKenzie died in New York hotel room from TB. Born in 1837.

1891

  04/14 Steinitz claims Mackenzie killed himself with an overdose of
  morphine.

1891

  07/20 Start of 8th Scottish Championship, Glasgow.

1891

  07/25 Chambers, John wins 8th Scottish Championship.

1891

  08/18 Paulsen died in Germany.

1891

  10/10 Kipping born. Most famous problem editor of all time.

1891

  12/12 First long distance Telephone match in Great Britain, Liverpool vs
  London.

1891

  12/25 Kubbel born, St Petersburg. Problem & Endgame studies
  composer.

1892

  Kupchik born.

1892

  Torre, V. wins 6th Italian Championship in Turin.

1892

  First time PxP or P-KKt4 used (rather than spell it out).

1892

  Corrodi, Oswald (died in 1893) and Fahrni win third Swiss
  Championship, Basel.

1892

  Falkener publishes "Games Ancient and Oriental" in London.

1892

  Hicks, William died in Montreal. Canadian Champion 1874.

1892

  Lipschutz wins 4th US Championship in a match against Showalter (7-1,
  7 draws)

1892

  Roberts wins first South African Championship, Cape Town.

1892

  Steinitz ends International Chess Magazine.

1892

  Tarrasch wins 7th German Championship in Dresden.

1892

  Van den Berg wins 20th Netherlands Championship, Amsterdam.

1892

  Weenik, Henri born. Dutch composer, player and author.

1892

  01/ Siedeberg wins 5th New Zealand Championship, Auckland.

1892

  01/02 Start of World Championship match, Steinitz-Tchigorin, Havana.

1892

  02/07 Opocensky born. IM 1950. 4 time Czech Champion.

1892

  02/28 Steinitz (+10=5-8) beats Tchigorin, 12.5-10.5, in World
  Championship match.

1892

  03/07 First day of the last meeting of the British Chess Association at
  British CC, London.

1892

  03/07 Start of 6th British Amateur Championship in London.

1892

  03/15 Kupchik, Abraham born in Brest-Litovsk, Russia. Manhattan CC
  Champion.

1892

  03/18 Jones and Bateman win 6th British Amateur Championship.

1892

  04/14 Start of 9th Scottish Championship, Edinburgh.

1892

  04/19 Mills wins 9th Scottish Championship.

1892

  06/19 Ahlhausen, Carl died in Berlin.  Adopted 1. g4 as his Opening.

1892

  07/29 Romanovsky born, St Petersburg. USSR Champion 1923, 1927. IM
  1950.

1892

  09/03 Southern Counties' Chess Union formed.

1892

  09/10 Balogh, Janos born in Tirgu Secuiesc, Romania. IMC 1953.
  Introduced the Balogh Defense.

1892

  10/31 Alekhine, Alexander born in Moscow. Elo: 2690.

1892

  11/26 Bohatirchuk, Fedor born in Kiev. USSR Champion 1927. IM 1954.
  IMC 1967.

1893

  First of a series of famous Cable matches between the U.S. and
  England.

1893

  Albin introduces the Albin Counter-Gambit against Lasker, NY.

1893

  Mason writes "The Principles of Chess". Sold 13,000 copies.

1893

  Narraway wins 19th Canadian Championship in Quebec.

1893

  Popoff wins 4th Swiss Championship, Bern.

1893

  Van Foreest and Loman win 21st Netherlands Championship,
  Groningen.

1893

  Walbrodt and Bardeleben win 8th German Championship in Kiel.

1893

  Wallace wins 4th Australian Championship in Sydney.

1893

  01/ Siedeberg wins 6th New Zealand Championship, Christchurch.

1893

  01/01 Dutch Federation monthly magazine "Schakend Nederland"
  founded.

1893

  01/06 Antal, Aladar born in Jaszladany, Hungary. Wrote a book on
  Openings.

1893

  02/23 Anderson, Gerald Frank born in Newcastle, South Africa. British
  Chess problemist. IJComp 1960; IMComp 1975.

1893

  04/10 Start of 10th Scottish Championship, Dundee.

1893

  04/13 Dufresne died. German player and writer. Elo: 2370.

1893

  04/14 Walker wins 10th Scottish Championship.

1893

  04/30 Breyer, Gyula born in Budapest. Hungarian Champion 1912. Elo:
  2500.

1893

  09/30 New York International, Lasker first; Albin 2nd; Showalter 3rd

1893

  10/ New York tourney; First Pillsbury; Second Hodges; Third Showalter.

1893

  11/21 Grunfeld, Ernst born in Vienna. German Champion 1927. GM 1950.
  Elo: 2550.

1894

  Ilyin-Genevsky born.

1894

  Davson wins 20th Canadian Championship in Montreal.

1894

  "Encheiridion Zatrikion" by Olivier, first Greek work on Chess, Athens.

1894

  Loman wins 22nd Netherlands Championship, Rotterdam.

1894

  Tarrasch wins 9th German Championship in Leipzig.

1894

  Tarrasch publishes his 300 Games of Chess.

1894

  Wyllie; James Wyllie, Checker Champion for 40 years, loses to James
  Ferrie.

1894

  Wittek, Alexander born. Austrian player, Architect.

1894

  01/ Women's Chess club formed in New York, by Eliza Foote. Thirty
  members. Lasted until 1949.

1894

  01/23 Ceriani, Luigi born in Milan, Italy. Problemist.

1894

  02/ Showalter beats Hodges 8-6.

1894

  03/15 Start of Steinitz-Lasker World Championship match, New York.

1894

  03/23 Start of 11th Scottish Championship, Glasgow.

1894

  03/27 Spens wins 11th Scottish Championship.

1894

  04/07 Apsenieks, Fricis born in Tetele, Latvia. Elo: 2430. Latvian
  Champion 1926-7, 1934

1894

  05/18 Adam, Edmund born in Sonneberg, Germany. Introduced the
  Adam variation in 1939.

1894

  05/26 Steinitz is oldest World Champion at 58 years, 10 days.

1894

  05/26 Lasker defeats Steinitz, 12-7, to become World Champion.

1894

  07/25 Kmoch born in Vienna. IM 1950. Chess author.

1894

  08/ Hodges defeats Showalter 5-3; recognized as US Champion.

1894

  10/20 New York, Steinitz first; Albin second; Showalter third.

1894

  12/28 Mattison born, Riga. Latvian Champion 1924. World amateur
  Champion 1924.

1895

  First cable match, between the British Chess club and Manhattan.

1895

  Ajeeb returns to Coney Island; Sam Gonotsky is hidden operator.

1895

  Bachmann wins 5th Swiss Championship, Zurich.

1895

  Hooper sells Ajeeb to James Smith, who returns it to London.

1895

  Model, Abram born. Botvinnik's Chess trainer.

1895

  Olland wins 23rd Netherlands Championship, Arnhem.

1895

  Only 1 Chess periodical in Russia, Chakmatny Bulletin.

1895

  Potter, William died. Leading English player of the 1870s.

1895

  Showalter wins 5th US Championship in a match against Lipschultz (7
  4).

1895

  Wallace wins 5th Australian Championship in Melbourne.

1895

  01/ Mackay wins 8th New Zealand Championship, Wellington.

1895

  01/ Women's Chess club formed in London.

1895

  04/12 Start of 12th Scottish Championship, Edinburgh.

1895

  04/16 Mills wins 12th Scottish Championship.

1895

  05/06 From, Martin died in Copenhagen. From's Gambit named after
  him.

1895

  05/18 Saavedra publishes an underpromotion solution of a problem to
  win.

1895

  06/15 Swiss System pairings, invented by J. Muller, 1st used in Zurich.

1895

  08/05 Start of Hastings International.

1895

  08/05 Women's Chess tournament, Hastings, won by Lady Thomas. (not
  the first)

1895

  08/14 Grigoriev, Nikolay born in Moscow. Elo: 2440. Moscow Champion
  1921, 1922, 1923-4, 1929. Endgame analyst.

1895

  08/19 Start of 7th British Amateur Championship in Hastings.

1895

  08/24 Atkins wins 7th British Amateur Championship.

1895

  09/02 Pillsbury wins at Hastings (16.5 - 4.5). Tchigorin 2nd, Lasker 3rd.

1895

  09/25 Cheron, Andre born in Colombes, France. French Champion three
  times. Authority on endgame studies. IJComp. 1957; IMComp. 1959.

1895

  12/13 St Petersburg; start, Lasker first.

1895

  12/16 Barbier, Georges died in France.

1896

  Sozin born.

1896

  Wyvill, Marmaduke died.

1896

  Austrian Attack introduced in Tarrasch-Charousek, Nuremberg.

1896

  Bachmann and H. Duhm win 6th Swiss Championship, Lucerne.

1896

  Bleijkmans wins 24th Netherlands Championship, Leiden.

1896

  Jacobi publishes History of Chess in Sanskrit literature.

1896

  Only game played with 5 Queens on board, Tresling-Benima,
  Winschoten.

1896

  Wallace wins 6th Australian Championship in Sydney.

1896

  Showalter defeats Kemeny and Barry to retain US Championship.

1896

  Price, Edith founded the Gambit Chess Rooms.

1896

  01/ Meldrum wins 9th New Zealand Championship, Wanganui.

1896

  01/27 Lasker wins at St Petersburg. Stenitz second.

1896

  03/13 1st Anglo-American cable match - US 4.5, UK 3.5. Newnes trophy.

1896

  04/03 Start of 13th Scottish Championship, Dundee.

1896

  04/09 Mills wins 13th Scottish Championship.

1896

  04/19 Canal, Esteban born in Chiclayo, Peru. Hungarian Champion
  1933. IM 1950. HGM 1977

1896

  05/02 Vajda born, Rimavska Sobota. Hungarian Champion 1928. IM
  1950.

1896

  06/14 Mansfield born. Chess problemist.

1896

  09/05 Becker, Albert born in Vienna. Austrian Champion 1925, 1937. IM
  1953.

1896

  09/14 Freeborough, Edward died in Hull, England. Author.

1896

  09/20 Samisch born, Berlin. Austrian Champion, 1921.

1896

  11/07 Start of Lasker-Steinitz World Champion match, Moscow.

1896

  12/01 Mueller born. Austrian Champion 1947. Developed the Austrian
  Attack.

1897

  First reference to lightning Chess.

1897

  Linde; Antonius van der Linde, Dutch Chess Historian, died in
  Weisbaden.

1897

  Tromovsky born.

1897

  First Nordic Championship won by S. Svensson in Stockholm.

1897

  Second Anglo-American match. GB 5.5, US 4.5.

1897

  Barulin, Mikhail born in Russia. Fostered Chess problems in Russia.

1897

  German book on History of Chess published in Leipzig by von der Lasa.

1897

  Jacobsen wins 8th Australian Championship in Sydney.

1897

  Lasa encourages Murray to write History of Chess.

1897

  Lasa publishes History of Chess, Leipzig.

1897

  Laucks, Forry born. Founder of Log Cabin Chess Club.

1897

  Loman wins 25th Netherlands Championship, Utrecht.

1897

  Narraway wins 21st Canadian Championship in Orilla.

1897

  Palmer, Marvin born in Cedar Rapids, IA. Won Iowa Championship at
  20. Won Missouri Championship in 1922. Won Michigan Ch. 5 times.

1897

  Roberts wins second South African Championship, Cape Town.

1897

  Sack wins 7th Swiss Championship, Aarau.

1897

  Steinitz and Lipschutz tie for New York State Championship.

1897

  Steinitz plays 22 games blindfold (+17) in Vienna at age 61.

1897

  Urusov, Sergei died. Chess-playing Russian prince.

1897

  01/ Barnes wins 10th New Zealand Championship, Christchurch.

1897

  01/14 Lasker (+10=5-2) defeats Steinitz, 12.5-4.5, Moscow.

1897

  02/ Pillsbury wins 6th US Championship in a match against Showalter
  in New York. Won 10-8, 3 draws.

1897

  02/12 Gurvich, Abram born in Russia. IJComp 1956.

1897

  03/14 Guidelli, Giorgio born in Serravalle d'Asti, Italy. Composer.

1897

  03/23 Araiza, Jose born in Mexico. Mexico Champion. Won 15 times in
  a row.

1897

  04/16 Start of 14th Scottish Championship, Glasgow.

1897

  04/19 Mills wins 14th Scottish Championship.

1897

  05/10 Gedult, David born in Warsaw.

1897

  05/18 Colle, Edgar born in Ghent, Belgium. Belgium Champion 1924.
  Elo: 2490.

1897

  05/31 Cable match between the House of Commons & House of
  Representatives.

1897

  06/23 First Women's International tournament at Hotel Cecil, London,
  won by Mary Rudge. (BCM 1981,403)

1897

  07/24 Macdonnell publishes Bana's Sanskrit reference to Chess in the
  "Athenaeum".

1897

  08/30 Start of 8th British Amateur Championship in Southampton.

1897

  09/08 Atkins wins 8th British Amateur Championship.

1897

  09/28 Fraenkel, Heinrich born in Germany. Assiac.

1897

  10/15 Bayer, Conrad died in Olomouc, Czechoslovakia. Prize-winning
  problemist.

1897

  10/19 Englisch, Berthold died in Vienna. German Champion 1879. Elo:
  2520.

1898

  Kriegspiel invented by journalist Henry Temple in London.

1898

  Vukovic, Vladimir born.

1898

  Third Anglo-American match. GB 5.5, US 4.5.

1898

  Bachmann win 8th Swiss Championship, Basel.

1898

  Berger edits "Deutsch Schachzeitung" (1898-1911).

1898

  Burn wins 10th German Championship in Cologne.

1898

  Culin published "Chess and Playing Cards" in Washington.

1898

  Marco edits "Wiener Schachzeitung", (1898-1916).

1898

  Narraway wins 22nd Canadian Championship in Toronto.

1898

  Pillsbury operates Ajeeb until 1904.

1898

  Thomas, F. writes "The Indian Game of Chess".

1898

  Trenchard scored 27 zeros (most ever), +1, =8, at Vienna.

1898

  Tresling wins 26th Netherlands Championship, The Hague.

1898

  Zepler, Eric, German composer born. First Professor of electronics.

1898

  01/ Barnes wins 11th New Zealand Championship, Auckland.

1898

  01/ Macdonell writes "The Origin and Early History of Chess".

1898

  01/14 Fox, Maurice born in the Ukraine. Won Canadian Championship 8
  times.

1898

  02/25 Start of the Pillsbury-Showalter US Championship match, New
  York.

1898

  03/23 Fazekas, Stefan born in Staoraljaujhely, Hungary. Br. Champion,
  1957. IMC 1964.

1898

  04/01 Pillsbury wins 7th US Champion in a match vs Showalter. (+7,
  3,=2).

1898

  04/09 Start of 15th Scottish Championship, Edinburgh.

1898

  04/16 Fraser wins 15th Scottish Championship.

1898

  09/11 Winter born, Medstead. London Champion five times. British
  Champion 1935, 1936.

1898

  11/12 Harkness, Kenneth born in Glasgow, Scotland. Developed rating
  system.

1898

  11/24 Hookham, Henry died in Christchurch. New Zealand Champion
  1890.

1899

  First use of a flag on a Chess clock.

1899

  4th Anglo-American match. US 6, GB 4.

1899

  Tassilo von der Lasa died, Weisbaden. Chess Historian & Theoretician.

1899

  First Anglo-American University Cable match.

1899

  First Oxford-Cambridge (3.5) vs American colleges (2.5) match.

1899

  Second Nordic Championship, won by J. Moller in Copenhagen.

1899

  Atkins wins 27th Netherlands Championship, Amsterdam.

1899

  Blackburne beat Lasker. First time a British player beat a reigning
  Champion.

1899

  Branch publishes "A Sketch History of Chess" in BCM.

1899

  Henneberger win 9th Swiss Championship, Lausanne.

1899

  King of Italy announces National Chess Championship; only 1
  participant.

1899

  Koenig born, Kula, Hungary. IM 1951. Chess author.

1899

  Michael wins third South African Championship, Durban.

1899

  Paris Chess Club forbids discussion political or religious subjects.

1899

  Rogard, Bror born. Second President of FIDE.

1899

  Smith wins 23rd Canadian Championship in Montreal.

1899

  01/15 Dubois, Serafino died in Rome. Elo: 2550

1899

  01/28 Northern Counties' Chess Union formally inaugurated.

1899

  02/22 Koch born, Berlin. IM 1950. East Germany Champion 1951, 1952.

1899

  03/31 Start of 16th Scottish Championship, Stirling.

1899

  04/04 Mills wins 16th Scottish Championship.

1899

  04/23 Nabokov born.

1899

  06/03 Macdonnell, George died.

1899

  07/27 Heydebrand un der Lasa, Tassilo died in Storchnest, Poland.

1899

  09/14 First All-Russian Chess Championship, Moscow, Tchigorin first. 14
  players. (Chess 12/49,55)

Year

    1800 to 1850

1851 to 1875         

1876 to 1899               [up]


Brief notes on the History of Chess  -  by Bill Wall
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

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